Entries Tagged 'usa' ↓

Predictions are probably the best Rorschach tests for bloggers and investors. Everyone is in the prediction business, because every act of investment (including sitting on cash in the sidelines) is an implicit prediction about the future.

Writing down my predictions for the year has proven itself to be a great tool for me to become explicitly aware of my cognitive biases. Because if there’s one thing I’ve learnt in investing, its this - It’s not what you don’t know that kills you, but instead its what you know that’s wrong. (Can’t seem to find the original source for this quote).

So here’s the top 10 predictions on my mind as of today:

1. Stock market - The Obamarama stock market rally will be mostly over by Obama’s first quarter as President. By late 2009, it will be obvious that all of the government bailout and spending efforts are like holding an umbrella in a hurricane. The nation will finally resign to the reality of a longer term depression. This realization alongwith a few shocking municipal bankruptcies will cause the stock market to finally bottom in early 2010.
2. Bond bubble - The treasury bond bubble will continue to inflate, pushing yields to even lower levels than today. Bond bears will get clobbered in 2009 by being too early and too aggressive. The only thing that can burst the treasury bond bubble is a “growth scare”, which will not occur until 2010.
3. Obama - Barack Obama will not have the courage to give the economy the bitter pill it needs to quickly get rid of the mal-investments and excessive leverage that led to the current crisis. Nor will Obama have the courage to suggest that the government needs to be a referee in the market, rather than the dominant player it has become thanks to Paulson and Bernanke. The high of “Yes we can” will slowly morph into a hangover of “Yes we could have.”
4. Economy - By the end of 2009, almost everyone in the country will continue to believe in the perpetual motion machine that is Keynesian economics and fractional reserve banking. The Keynesians, led by Paul Krugman will still propagate the “free lunch” myth: Deficit spending and huge amounts of bad credit can cure all the problems created by deficit spending and huge amounts of bad credit.
5. Suburbia - 2008 will be seen in 2009 to have been the last year of the techno-triumphalist era. By the end of 2009, it will be apparent that technology (software, finance, green technology) alone cannot indefinitely sustain the now defunct credit-driven consumerist suburban SUV lifestyle. Austerity will be the new black.
6. Real estate - Real estate will overcorrect on the way down, and “fortress areas” like Cupertino in the Bay Area will also experience severe price reductions as IPO/options wealth, jumbo mortgage financing and the hope for a quick recovery dries up. It will be finally realized that encouraging excessive home ownership tends to hurt the economy by making it harder for workers to relocate to where the jobs are.
7. Alternative energy - Alternative energy and OPEC countries will ironically find themselves on the same side, hoping for higher oil prices so that their respective industries and  economies become viable. Oil prices will continue to disappoint them by being stagnant, and this will be a silver lining for the middle-class consumers.
8. Pakistan - The world will again be fashionably outraged for a few days in the Fall of 2009, when it becomes clear that new attacks were being planned against Indian targets even while Pakistan was condemning the recent 26/11 Mumbai attacks. India and Pakistan will again lurch towards war after the next terror attack. The US will once again force India to back down by essentially telling India: “not tonight dear, I have a headache”.
9. Microsoft - Microsoft will realize (if it has not already) that there is no point going after has-been giants like Yahoo, and will instead (correctly) acquire Facebook and/or Twitter at bargain prices. For the first time in its history Google misses out on the obvious due to the “not built here” syndrome.
10. Google - Google revenue will surprise to the upside, but it will be at the cost of cutting down on other expenses, including payroll/bonuses, bandwidth bills for Youtube and possibly even Gmail and other Google apps.

Never intended as investment advice. Read my disclaimer.

Image by Getty Images via Daylife

Today we face the ironic situation of the US government abandoning free market principles to save the free market.

Whether or not the Government will succeed remains to be seen. But in the mean time, there are some fascinating unintended consequences going on (fascinating in a morbid sort of way).

It seems like every generation learns the hard way that central planning does not work, and indeed often worsens the situation that it claims to cure.

So here are just a few examples of how the current US government actions often worsen the situation that they are trying to solve:

1. Lowering interest rates reduces credit to companies

People who invest their money in CDs and money markets are (sometimes unknowingly) lending this money to companies who need the money and are willing to pay interest for short-term loans.

By driving interest rates so low, the Federal Reserve risks a perverse side effect - many money markets will have an expense ratio that’s higher than their interest rate! This means that many money market investors will have a negative return on investment. If this causes investors to withdraw from the money market (and invest into, say treasuries), it lessens the amount of money available for companies to borrow. This is already happening, as evidenced by the huge demand for treasuries (even at near-zero interest rates).

If the government wants more money to be available for lending to companies, it needs to increase interest that people earn on savings. This will provide incentives for people to save, which causes more money to flow into money markets and CDs, and hence increases the pool of money to be lent to companies! Right now the very opposite is happening.

2. Lower interest rates reduces lending to individual borrowers

If you are a bank, here is an easy way for you to get almost free money with virtually no risk:

1. Borrow nearly unlimited amounts of short-term money from the Fed (at the 0.5% “discount rate”)
2. Buy longer term treasuries with this money (earn >2%)
3. Hold to maturity if necessary
4. Repeat

Note that the above does not include having to lend to flaky retail borrowers! So this rate cut actually has an unintended consequence of making retail borrowers even less attractive to banks!

3. Helping defaulting homeowners encourages more to default

If the government provides relief to homeowners who are behind on their payments, it creates incentives for even more homeowners to fall behind, so that they too can get lower interest rates and hopefully even principal reductions!

Surely not what is intended.

4. Guaranteeing deposits causes money to leave good banks

By providing strong guarantees to money deposited in unhealthy banks, it creates an incentive for people to withdraw their funds  from otherwise healthy (but not government-backed) institutions into bad banks that are guaranteed by the government!

5. Lesson learned by bankers - take even bigger risks next time

This is probably the worst of the unintended consequences. An entire generation (and probably more) of bankers and traders have now learned - that if you take risks, make sure you take huge ones. So that if you fail, you are more likely to be bailed out in the long run. The moral hazard being created by this bailout is just staggering.

The financial, mortgage, insurance and auto bailouts almost guarantee that the next bubble will be even bigger and even more disastrous when it bursts.

This is good news for those of us who are brave (or foolish) enough to be starting a business now:

U.S. entrepreneurial activity fell from 12.4 percent of the total workforce in 2005 to 9.6 percent in 2007, according to a joint study by Babson and Baruch Colleges.

U.S. Entrepreneurship Rate Down , Starting a Business Article - Inc. Article

Image credit: brettlider (license)

Lawrence Summers, Obama’s soon-to-be top economic advisor, strikes a pragmatic tone on the crisis. Rather than toe the party line on greed and corruption in Wall Street, he points out that financial crises are not new and are actually rooted in human nature rather than on financial innovation.

He seems to be quite candid in this interview - but it remains to be seen what happens after he enters the Washington jungle.

(Originally written for VentureWoods - India’s leading venture capital and startup blog)

The following paragraph jumped out from something I wrote in 2005.

U.S. real-estate slowdown will have global consequences: Interest rates, U.S. bond prices, U.S. consumer confidence, dollar exchange rates (and hence the offshoring business), combined with the huge (and increasing) U.S. trade deficit are all pieces of a fragile domino game. This game could easily turn ugly if the U.S. real estate market accelerates its slowdown, or even worse, turns out to be a bubble. Bad news in the U.S. housing market could trigger a global recession.

(From Predictions for 2006 from an Indian perspective on VentureWoods, emphasis added)

This seems all remarkably prescient and oracle-y now, and I almost made a suitably massive upgrade to my ego. But like recent Sensex rallies my ego quickly came crashing down when I read some of my other predictions - e.g. Yahoo will start catching up with Google (Hope is eternal, and I might yet come back to gloat).

But lets get back to more important things:

There seems to be a tendency amongst many to regard a recession as a finite event, associated with a numerical reduction in GDP or stock market values. Business writers seem to compare a recession with a winter, where you hunker down (”cash is king”) and hibernate on minimal life support - after all, spring is just around the corner.

That might be a useful survival strategy, but it misses the bigger point - recessions (and especially this one) are discontinuities with totally unpredictable consequences (gosh I sound like a Nassim Taleb fanboy). To continue my useful but terribly flawed nature analogy, recessions are not like winters, but more like the Ice age that made the dinosaurs extinct. Like the Ice Age, this recession has already essentially destroyed the US Investment Bank business model.

What other changes will this Ice Age bring? I see a few possibilities:

1. Currency changes - The hegemony of the US financial industry (and the financial industry in general) is over. As I write this, the G-20 is meeting to discuss what could very well be the birth of Bretton-Woods II. A covert agreement to safely achieve a massive devaluation of the US Dollar is not out of the question (what will the Rupee do ?). Nor is it impossible to envision the emergence of an alternate reserve currency (or more likely a basket).

2. Consumer changes - We have lived, learned and grown up in a world where the world (now mostly China) manufactures and the US consumes. That world has changed. The US consumer is now on life support. She might live for a long while more, but that vitality and voracious appetite is unlikely to return. For the sake of my mental well-being I prefer to not imagine the consequences of this to the Chinese economy.

3. Fiscal policy changes - The ghost of Keynes is stirring - World governments will unleash the mother of all fiscal (deficit) spending rather than allow deflation to take hold. This sort of worldwide government stimulus is unprecedented, and its implications (or even its effectiveness) are unknown at this point. Will all the stimulus go into productive areas of the economy or will it be gambled away ?

4. Political landscape changes - The current bonhomie between nations and “global co-operation to solve the crisis” is very fragile and based on mutual fear. The Doha talks fiasco shows that developing nations are no pushovers now. There is a real chance that this “united in fear” sentiment could morph into a very ugly blame game. The parallels of the current situation to the Nixon Shock (when the French demanded gold from the US in return for dollars) are eerie and very scary.

So my question to the readership of this blog is this - does anyone see these changes too ? And more importantly, what other seismic shifts do you see occurring in our economic and business landscape ?

(Originally written for VentureWoods - India’s leading venture capital and startup blog)

Here are 5 questions about the US economy that I would love for the new administration to answer directly:

1. Do you agree that for a large number of people,  walking away from their home and being foreclosed upon is to their financial advantage ?

(In many cases they will be able to rent an equivalent or better home at a far lower price than even the most generously re-negotiated mortgage!)

2. Do you support the idea that an average, middle-income American family should be able to afford the average home in their neighborhood ?

(If so, you should be cheering on house price declines, not trying to prevent them.)

3. Do you feel that America needs to save more and consume less ?

(If yes, why not increase interest rates to reward savers and punish debtors ?)

4. What specific steps will you take to curb the immense moral hazards created by the indiscriminate bailing out of financial and auto companies ?

(Or will future MBA students be taught to “go all in”, since the government will always backstop them if they get large enough ?)

5. You promised to not raise taxes for most of us. Isn’t deficit spending and the resulting inflation simply another way of taxation ?

(Is it not better to get Paul Volcker in as the new Treasury Secretary with the simple mandate - design a set of incentives that will reward the sorts of behavior we would like to see in the future, and punish the ones that we dont ?)

(Image credit: mike9alive, original image here licensed under Creative Commons)

Many opinions are being expressed over whether we are at the beginning, middle or end of this economic crisis. But what seems much more important (and obvious) is the fact that the Federal Reserve has already reached the limit of it’s monetary policy, namely zero interest rates. So when Mr. Obama does take over the reins, his focus is much more likely to be on what seems to be accepted as the “next step” - Keynesian economics.

You could spend a good weekend reading “The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money”, or you could read this 2 line summary by Paul Krugman:

Until The General Theory, sensible people regarded mass unemployment as a problem with complex causes, and no easy solution other than the replacement of markets with government control. Keynes showed that the opposite was true: mass unemployment had a simple cause, inadequate demand, and an easy solution, expansionary fiscal policy.
The Unofficial Paul Krugman Web Page

To those prudent savers/renters who did not gamble away their money on the real-estate market, it seems only fair to let deflation take hold so that excesses can be worked off, and the guilty get punished. But when it comes to investing our money (as investors) and planning our business (as enterpreneurs) - it is more prudent to think in terms of what is “likely” to happen rather than what “should”.

So rather than fret about whether inflation, stagflation or hyperinflation is in our future,  its more productive for our investments and businesses to speculate on what the Obama presidency might choose as its vehicle for a massive Keynesian push.

Lastly, and most importantly, its worth noting that there is a good chance that a Keynesian policy will not work.

Paulson and the Keynesian fools want banks to lend. For what? What is it we need more of? Houses? Condos? Pizza Huts? Home Depots? Lowes? Nail salons? Strip Malls? Walmarts? And if by some miracle banks did lend that money and new stores were built, who is there to buy? What would happen then? Is the amount of money that can be thrown at problem unlimited? What about the problems that will create? Can problems be postponed forever? Is there a Keynesian on the planet who can think more than one second ahead?

Keynesian Claptrap From PIMCO

Today we celebrate.

But from tomorrow, I have a sinking feeling that we’ve already seen the high point of the Obama presidency.

Barack and Michelle Obama